Window construction



Aprillo, 1956 Filed Feb. l2, A3.953,

G. C. HAYMAN ETAL WINDOW CONSTRUCTION 4 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTORS George C. Hayman,

Charles M. Shepherd Jr.

ATTORNEYS April l0, 1956 G. c. HAYMAN ET AL WINDOW CONSTRUCTION Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Feb. l2 1951 FlGx--G George C. Hayman & Charles M. Shepherd Jr.

ATTORNEYS April 10, 1956 G. c. HAYMAN ETAL 2,740,999

wrNDow CONSTRUCTION Filed Feb. 12, 1951 4 sneetspsneet s INVENTORS George C. Hayman 8; Charles M. Shepherd Jr.

ATTORNEYS April 10, 1956 G. c. HAYMAN ETAL WINDOW CONSTRUCTION 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed Feb. 12 1951 FIG.- I4

F IG.- I7 INVENToR.

George C. Hayman 8| Charles M.Shepherd Jr.

ATTO R NEYS United States Patent O I WINDOW CONSTRUCTION i Application February 1z19s1saal Nazionali; 1.1 claims. (ci. 20L-s4) This invention relates. to windows, and more particularly to sashwindows. Y

For many years,.the customary constructionofwindows has included a rectangular'wooden. framework im which upper and lower sashes are movable vertically,k the sides ofthe sashes riding in. channels formed .by vertically ex.- tending strips, attached tothe side.` members or jambe` of the frame. Generally, the entire side.` edgev of thepsash rides in the channel, so. that oftentimes. the` frictionv to. be overcome in raising or lowering a window requiresamuch greater force to be exerted than mere lifting ofthe weight of thesash. Also the sashes for such windows. comprise a wooden framework,` surrounding` a pane of glass, while to balance the weight of the sashes, and to holdthesashes suspended in a desired position, a sash cord is attached to each side ofy each sash frame, such cords extending over pulleys at the. top of the window frame and.. then to weights, enclosed and movable Withina hollow vertical space formed byand at each side ofthe frame; Such construction is comparatively expensive, due not onlyto the cost of mounting the sash weight pulleys in morrised holes, but also the additional'time required by workmen in installing, the sash cords and weights, as wellas cornfV pleting the frame boxes to provideenclosed spaces` for the weights. In addition, such previous types of. sash windows are dificult. to clean, since accessrtoV the outside of the; pane (except b y a person physically positioned outside the window)` can be obtained' only by movingtlie lower sash up, toreach the outside ofthe upper sash` pane, and by moving the lower sash partly up to` reach' the lower 'half' ofthe lower sash pane, and then moving the upper' sash` completely down and positioning the llower sash near the top ofthe window, to reach the upper'lialf of' the lower sash pane. Thus, the outside of the pane of the lower'sash is reachedY with, considerable. di'culty from a position inside the window. p

Among tlie'objects ofthe present inventionV are to. pro- 2,740,999 Patented Apr. 1'0, 1956 ice Fig. l is.=.a vertical section taken centrally through a window construction of this invention;

Fig .2 is va fragmentary, three-dimensional view, taken at one side of the central portion of the window construction .pof.Fig.. 1;;

Fig.V 3f isa fragmentary, three-dimensional view of a side frame guiding; and sealing element, constructed in accordanceHw-ith this invention and also shown inFig. 2;

, Figsi 4. andA 5 .are fragmentary, three-dimensional views, similar to Fig. 3, of alternative side frame guiding and sealingelements;7

Fig. dis-a` fragmentary, three-dimensional view illustrating` a` further alternative side frame element construc tion, wherein metal partsare reduced to a minimum;

Fig.. 7: is an` enlargedfragmentary sectional perspective view takenialong linei7`7 of Fig. 6;

Fig. 8Y is an enlarged fragmentary sectionalperspective view, taken. at the lower end of the lower sash of Fig. 1;

Fig. 9isa fragmentary, cut-away perspective view illustratinga sash holdingdevice as installed in a window sash, and exemplifying one type of holding devicel adapted to cooperate with the. side frame element shown in Fig.- 4;

Fig. 10 is an. enlarged side elevation of the holding device ofFig; 9,. certain parts being cut away'to illustrate the interior construction, the-.holding device being int a sash guidingandretaining position;

Fig,` 11 isa similar side elevation-of the holding device, with certain. parts cut awayto show the interior. construe tion, the holding device beingzin a sash:removalxposition;

Fig, 12 is an exploded. perspective 'view of the' parts of the .holdingdevice of. Figs. 9'-l1;

Fig. 13' is a. plan` view of a blankr from which a' shoe holdenone oftheparts .of Fig. 12,. may be made;l

V',Fig. 14 isa fragmentary, three-dimensional viewiillustratingan. additional alternative side frame element construction; Y v l `Fig. 1`5 is a-` cross section taken along1line-15-1'5 of Fig. 156; v

I Fig. l6'is a longitudinalsection takenalong` line 16e-16 of.Fig. 15;

,Fig V1,7H is a fragmentary,- exploded three-dimensional view of. ai further alternative side frame construction; and

Fig. 18. is-V a` fragmentary enlargement of the central portion of Fig 17, inassembledposition.

A window construction of this. invention,` as illustrated in. Figs. 1 and 2, may be-applied'toaframe F hav- Y ing therein. a longitudinally movable-upper sash` U and vid'e anovel window construction of the sashl type;v to

providesuch a window 'construction' in which the window sashes are adequately guided and are adequately Vsealed against theleakage of air around the sash edges;,to providesucha window construction in which thesasles may bemaintained in any desired position, without theineces-A sity osash weights or the liketto provide sucli a window construction in which the sashes are readily .removable from the window frame for cleaningv or other purposes; to provide such a window construction in which. a` variation in. the Ventilating positions of the sashes mayv be Obtained; to provide. novelside frame elements, particularly adapted toguide and also.toseal the edges ofwindow sash; and torprovide sucha window constructionandfside' frameelements which are'relativelysimple inconstruction and-economical to manufacture. Additionallobjeets and the-novel featuresl ofthisrinven'# tion will become; apparent :from `the following description, taken-.in connection withrthe accompanyingdrawings; vin which: I

lower. sash L, each side orjamb 10 of thefram'ebeing provided with aA guiding and.Y sealing' trackV T and each sash being, provided with. atA least one holding device H, thetracksr T being constructed in accordance with this invention and the holding device-H constructedas illus trated. in .Figs.-9-l3, inclusive, o'r iny accordance withmy U..S.-Patent No. 2,521,292, or in any other suitablelman'-` ner. In generahthe track T provides a grooveor equivalent means for guiding the edges of thel sashes= upwardly and downwardly, while the holding device H permits Aeither sash'to be removed fromY the frame, and also'permits4 one of `the-sashes, such as the lowersash L, to be tipped: outwardly, such asl againsta stop pin` 11, to' the full.,position of Fig. l, for ventilation without` a direct current. ofk air tlowing. through. thewindow, as when the lower sash is raisedV or'the upperl sash lowered, A stop pin A11- is preferably providedj on each jarnb 10, so that whenv the lower-sash. Lis tipped withitslowerend? restingon the sill. I'Z'of the frame, anv aperture 13 willbe provided .between the` sashes.. As willV be evident, air passingV through theiaperture 13 isfdeflectedf upwardly byY the lowersasli, so that a direct air currentagainstV a personV in the room thereby tends to be avoided,l Y Thelowe'r'sasli L m'aybe provided' with a holding deviceH and; a guide pin 14 on each side: The holding device H includes a shoe 15, made of plastic or the like and shown more clearly in Figs. 9, l and 12, which rides in a groove 16, shown in Fig. 2, of the track T, while the guide pins 14 extend laterally from a lower bar 17 of the frame of the lower sash L and also ride in groove 16. In the dotted position of Fig. 1, the lower sash L may be moved upwardly and downwardly, as described later. The upper sash may be provided with a single holding device H, since it abuts against a blind stop 18, but a guide pin 19 extends laterally at each side from the lower bar 20 of the upper sash U. Both the guide pins 19 and the shoe 15 of the holding device H of the upper sash U ride in a second longitudinally extending groove 21 of the track T.

The track T may be constructed in the manner shown in any of Figs. 3-6, inclusive, or in any of Figs. 14-1'7, inclusive. As illustrated in Figs. 2 and 3, the track may comprise two flexible metal strips, rolled or drawn to the desired shape, the strips being made out of a sufficiently resilient material that pressure will tend to be exerted against the edge of the side bars 22 and 23 of the upper and lower sashes, respectively. The strips are preferably sufficiently thin that they will tend to ex when unsupported for a predetermined distance, but are considerably less flexible when supported over a span of a shorter distance. In addition to the groove 21, one track strip may be provided with a section disposed centrally of the jamb and having two oppositely inclined portions 24 and 24, forming a dihedral angle therebetween of slightly less than 180, such as approximately 160, i. e. each of the portions 24 and 24 may extend atan angle of approximately 10 with respect to a line parallel to the surface of jamb 10. Adjacent the portions 24 and 24', and on opposite sides thereof, additional portions 25 and 25 may extend outwardly and at an angle of approximately 45 to the surface of jarnb 10, the outer edge of portion 25 being connected by a flat or land 26 with an inverted arcuate section forming the groove 21. A at or land 27, on the outside of groove 21, is connected to an arcuate section 28, while the second strip of the track of Fig. 3 includes an inner flat or land 29, disposed beneath the 45 portion 25 and connected to an inverted arcuate section forming groove 16, in turn connected by a land 30 with an arcuate section 31, similar to arcuate section 28. All of the foregoing portions of the strips, of course, extend longitudinally of the jamb 10, and the strips are preferably uniform in cross-sectional shape along their lengths. The arcuate sections 28 and 31 extend from the surface of jamb 10 to engage the surface of the side bars 22 and 23, respectively, of the sashes, in a less exible manner than the central portions 24 and 24. To accommodate the arcuate sections forming grooves 16 and 21, respectively, the jarribV 10 may be provided with milled grooves 32 and 33, which are not necessarily rectangular in cross section, although the same isvreadily produced. The metal strips of the track may be attached to the jamb in any siutaole manner, as by a longitudinal series of nails through land 26 of one strip and land 29 of the other strip, as shown, so that when a sash presses against a central inclined portion 24 or 24', the outer edge of portion 25 may move laterally along land 29. As will be evident, the engagement of the side bar of a sash with one of the central portions 24 or 24 provides a resilient seal, acting to prevent the ow of air around the edges of the sash, while the less flexible engagement of the arcuate sections 28 and 31 provides a relatively steady supporting and aligning surface for the sash. In order further to seal the sashes, when closed, against the possible entrance of air around the upper and lower edges of each sash, weather stripping 34 may be installed to extend laterally across the bottom of the lower bar 17 and along the top bar 35 of the lower sash L, and also across the top edge of the top bar 36 of the upper sash U, as in Fig. l.

In the alternative construction of the track T shown i in Fig. 4, a single metal strip is utilized, rather than two strips. Such a strip includes inverted arcuate sections forming the grooves 16 and 21, both of the arcuate sections 28 and 31, the central portions 24 and 24, and the adjacent portions 25 and 25. As before, the arcuate sections forming grooves 16 and 21 are connected by lands 30 and 27, respectively, with arcuate sections 31 and 28, but the inverted arcuate section forming groove 16 is connected by a at or land 37 with inclined portion 25. Also, the milled grooves 32 and 33 are preferably wider than the milled grooves 32 and 33 of Fig. 3, being preferably sufficiently wider than the arcuate sections forming grooves 16 and 21, to accommodate lateral movement of the latter, produced by pressure of a sash against a central portion 24 or 24, pushing the same inwardly toward the jamb 10. The track of Fig. 4 may be attached to the jamb in a suitable manner, as by a series of nails driven through the central point of the metal strip and into the jamb. As will be evident, the central portion of the strip may work in and out, as it were, on the nails, which will of course extend above the metal strip when the latter is compressed. However, as will be evident from Figs. 1 and 2, the side bars 22 and 23 of the upper and lower sashes, respectively, are spaced laterally from each other, so that neither side bar tends to strike the nails when passing along the strip. Also, the slight inclination of the central portions 24 and 24' tends to throw each of the sashes away from center, although undue movement in that direction is prevented by the positioning of the shoes of the holders H and the respective guide pins 14 and 19 in the respective grooves 16 and 21.

In the alternative construction of Fig. 5, the inverted arcuate sections providing grooves 16 and 21 are joined by a dat or land 38, extending across the surface of jamb 10, between milled grooves 32 and 33, thereby forming a rst strip in which are also formed the lands 27 and 30 and the arcuate sections 28 and 31. A second strip may include the slightly inclined central portions 24 and 24', and thel opposed, more inclined portions 25 and 25', which may move laterally along land 38. The first strip may be attached to the jamb in any suitable manner, as by nails through the at 38, while the second or central strip may be attached by nails in spaced positions along the center ridge between inclined portions 24 and 24.

As in Fig. 2, each holding device H may be mortised into the side bar 22 or 23 of the respective sash, while the shoe 15, of Figs. 9-11, is adapted to be withdrawn from the extending position of Fig. l0 to the retracted position of Fig. 11, by manual operation of a handle 40, such as on the holding device of the lower sash, or a coin or similarly operating simple instrument, inserted in a slotted pin or handle 41 of the holding device H for the upper sash. Generally speaking, the handle 40 of each holding device for the lower sash is preferably manually operated, since during general use, the lower sash may be swung ouwardly to the full position of Fig. 1, in which the lower sash rests against the stop pins 11, since for this operation it is necessary only to grasp the handles 40 of the holding devices on each side of the lower sash and pivot them inwardly, thereby withdrawing the respective shoes 15 and permitting the lower sash to be pulled to the stop position. Otherwise, during use each sash is merely slid upwardly or downwardly to a desired position. However, when it is desired to remove a sash from the frame, as for cleaning purposes and the like, the lower sash may be slid upwardly until the lower bar 17 thereof is at or above the position of stop pins 11, whereupon the handles 40 may be pivoted inwardly, and the upper portion of the sash pulled out from the frame, as to a generally horizontal position. In such position, one edge of the lower sash may be tilted, so that the guide pin 14, on that side, will clear the track, and the lowei sash may be removed from the frame F. For re moval of the upper sash from the frame, it is necessary only to lower it slightly until the top bar 36 can be grasped with one hand, whereupon a coinon other simple instrument, operating( on the principle off a screw driver; may berinserted in the slotted handle 41- of theholding device, andv upon retraction ofthe shoev 15 tothe position of Fig. 11, the top of theupper sash'ma-ylbeipull'ed'outwardly from the frame, and the sash moved? down to a substantially horizontal position. Inl this position, as in the caseV of the lower sash, one edgefmayfbe" tipped until the guidevpin 179V on that side clears'the-track T, whereupon the sash may be removed Vfrom the frame. As willl be evident, the handle'41 ofthe holding device for the upper sash is used considerably less frequently than the handle 46 for the lower sash, and therefore may be actuated in themanner indicated; but it will be understood that the handle for the holding device for the=` upper sash may be manually operated, in substantially the same manner as Vthe holding device handlefor the lower sash, and vice versa. v y

In the alternative track construction illustrated in Figs. 6' and 7, the use of metal is avoided as far as` possible, the-resiliency of the track being produced* by a strip 43 ofA resilient non-metallicmaterial', such as foam rubber or the like, placedin a groove 44 milledin a jamb 10', and providing a resilient backing forV av non-metallic strip 45 of non-resilient material, ,such asl wood, against which the corners of the side bars 22 and 23 of the upper and lower sashes, respectively, areadapted to bear,`the corners being provided with right angle grooves 46, adaptedto fit the corners of the wooden strip 45. The lowerV sash L is, of course, provided with a holding device, the shoer 15 o Awhich may ride in an arcuate groove 457, milledin the jamb 10', in which a guide pin 14J also rides. The upper sash U, since it is 'guided`l between the wooden strip 42 andthe b lind stop 18 ofFig. 2, does 'not' require guide pins; andjtlie holdingdevice for the `uppersash-maybe providedgwith ashoe havingfa flat, rather thanV a curved surface, merely for vpressing againstthesurace ofthe jamb 10g`between the blind stop 18V andl the wooden strip 45; A s will be evident, the` foam rubber orother non-metallic, resilient material of strip 43` continually'prcsses"wooden strip 45 towardtheside bars 22 and-23. However, the wooden strip may move inwardly and outwardly inthe groove 44, as between the full position andl the dotted posiiton indicated in Fig. 7, the strip 45 being mounted for such movement, asby a. series ofL spaced screws; 48, ein tending through. suitable holes 49'in strip 45 andinto jamo- 10', the head, of each screw-48-;beingdisposed in the countersunk end of a hole 49, so that movement of thestrip 45 in a direction away from jambltl'will be limited, yet movement of the strip 45, through compression of the resilient strip V43rnay be. produced: without the; head of; the screw 48 extending beyond the top, surface of the wood strip 45; It will'be understood, off course, that other resilient means, such as coil or leaf-- springs, may 'lie utilized instead of a strip of .foam rubber or the. like.

Themovement upwardly and downwardly ofthe sashes, when the track T is constructed in the manner illustrated inA Figs.l 6 and 7;-is accomplishedin theV same manner as .when the track Tis constructed in other Ways, the holding devices/itlV operating in the manner described, later. Whenone. Ofithe vsashes is to be removed from the frame, the lower sash L may, of course, be removed merely by retracting theshoe 15.0 f each holding device, to move it outof'the groove 47, whereupon the lower sash maybe swung outwardly, and then tippedslightly to disengage a pin 14 from the,- groove 47.' However, when the. upper sash is to` berernoved, lateral pressure. is exerted on the top bar ofthe sash, at the same time that the holdingjl deviceis retracted, theresilient stripASon the opposite side of..the.frameb.e.ing .compressed'to an extentthatithe top offthesashtwll .clear thestrip ticuthe uncompressed'side,

thus permitting tneuppersashto b e movedoutwardlyI untilin-substautiallyfhorizontalposition, whereupon one edge of. the sashiuay batipped; .toidis'engage the guide. pins. .19, as described previously.

A further advantage of the stop pins-11 of Fig. l' lies inthe 12e-introduction of thesashes into thefrarne; lWhen placing either of the sashes'in the frame, one of the guide pins 19, in the case of the upper sash, maybe placed in a groove 21, with the adjacent side ofv the sash lresting on one of. the stop pins 11. Then, the opposite -pin 19 may be placed in the opposite groove 21 and the sash tipped downwardly until both sides rest on the stop. pins 11. This aligns the sash in a plane perpendicular to the jambs 1'0, so that when the sash is then swung upwardly into its iinal position (the holding device H being retracted during such movement), the sash will slip readily into positions Ifthe sash were twisted, i. e. not disposed in a plane perpendicular to jambs 1.0, such attempted movement would involve considerable experimental movement of the sash, to obtain proper alignment. Similarly, the lower sash may be accurately and readilyY inserted in position by placing one of the guide pins 14 in a groove I6, with the adjacent side of the' sash resting on a stop pin 11. Then, the opposite guide pin 14-is placed vin the opposite groove 16` and the sash moved downwardly until both. sides rest on the stop pins 11. Since this aligns the sash in a plane perpendicular to the jambs 10, the sash may be more readily tipped upwardly into final position, the holding devices'being retracted during such movement.

The holding device H, illustrated in Figs. 9-1-3, includesfa housingor casing 50 adapted to be inserted in a mortised groove 51 in a side bar 22 or 23- (or 22A or 23') of a sash. The housing 50 is substantially rectangular inshape, being open at the front, top andrb'ottom, and having sides 52 provided at' the front edgeswith` laterally extending lianges 53 for which shallow grooves', as in Fig; 9, may be provided in the side bar ofV4 the sash. in thebaclc ofthe housing, al pair ofvv holes 54, disposed ad# jacent opposite ends, as in Fig. l2, may be provided sothat a'pair of screws or the like may be utilized in fastening the housing within the groove 51.

The shoe 15', as in Fig. 12, may bef generally at on the rear side and" rounded infront, the former to t agaiustthe llat surface of a shoe holder 55, andthe latter to'correspond generally to the curvature of groove 16 or 211 of the track T. As. indicated previously, for use with` the track construction shown in` Fig. 6, the shoe for the uppersash U may be llat on the outside. The shoe holder55, as in Figs. l0 and 11, is pivotally attached to the outer end of a link 56, the inner end of which, in theposition shown inFig. 10,A bears against a relatively heavy, double bowed spring 57, having` a swaybackl center and arcuate ends, each of the` latter resting against. the backv of ther housing 5d. Intho position shown inFig. 10, pressure against the shoe 15 willbe resistedlbyspring 5.7, although sufficient pressure in the; direction offdottedarrow 58v will causethe center of the spring to: be lmoved toward `the back'of the housing; as from the full to the dotted positions: of Fig. l0, a slot 59tin sidebar 23, asin Fig.` 9.., accommodating displace-f ment of handle40. The shoe 15 and shoeholder` 5,5 are. normally maintained in an extended position, i. et with link; S6 extending transversely to theY center of spring 57, by artensiouspringt), while handle 40, whose inner end extends at90 extends through slots 61 in the sides. 52.*of the housing 50. Handle 40 is; alsoV provided with alongitudinal .slot 62 into whichlink isladapted to be inserted, the handl'eandlink being. .lockedtogether by a transverse pin 63 extending through the. link and adapted to engage arcuate transverse grooves 64, asin Fig. l2, formed on oneside of the handle. Aswill be evident, the engagementof grooveslY with link pin 63 also retains. the handle in position inthefholding; device, although the handle is relatively readily insertedior removed, but only when the handle is in .au up and down positiomsuch as the full position of-Fig. 9.. Aswill be evident fromFig. 11,.when thehandle is. turned, it forms a bearing pointfor thelink on spring57, and' the' connection between link pin 63' and handle grooves 64' tends to prevent the handle from being removed from the sash, since the handle 40 must be moved in the longitudinal direction of link 56 to permit disengagement of pin 63 and grooves 64.

As will also be evident from Fig. l1, when the handle 40 is tumed, as from the solid to the dotted position or" Fig. 9, the link 56, and the shoe 15 and shoe holder 55 along with it, will pivot from the position of Fig. to the position of Fig. ll. At the same time, the bow spring 57 holds the handle against the ends of the housing slots 61, while the pin 63 prevents the link 56 from sliding through slot 62 in the handle. This pivotal movement of the shoe is, of course, accomplished against the teusion of spring 60, and as will be evident, upon release of the handle, the spring 60 will tend to pull the shoe back to the position of Fig. 10. Thus, the shoe is adapted to pivot between the positions of Fig. l() and Fig. l1, as indicated by the arrows 65 thereof. To prevent the spring 60 from pulling the shoe holder 55 past the center position of Fig. l0, suitable stops may be provided by ears 66, stamped from each side 52 of the housing or casing 50. In addition, a fixed point 0f attachment for one end of spring 663, on the casing 53, may be provided by prongs 67, also stamped from the side walls 52, at the upper ends thereof, and lapped over, as in Figs. 9 and 12. The opposite end of `spring 60 may be attached to the shoe holder 55 at an ear 68, stamped therefrom. A suitable method of constructing the shoe holder 55 will be described later.

During movement of the window sash upwardly and downwardly, certain actions and reactions will occur, primarily involving the relatively heavy bow spring 57 and the considerably lighter tension spring 60. In Fig. 9, the parts are shown as during movement upwardly of the sash, the friction of the shoe in the groove 16 of the track T causing the shoe to pivot slightly downwardly, as shown, while the sash is being moved upwardly in the direction of the arrow 70. As will be observed, the shoe holder 55 and shoe 15 have moved away from the stop at ear 66. As will also be evident, when the upward movement of thc sash causes the shoe to pivot downwardly, the full force of bow spring 57 is not exerted against the shoe, but rather will tend to cause the shoe to pivot further. Thus, substantially the only force necessary to raise the window is that required to lift the sash itself, rather than to overcome the friction of wooden guides having a relatively large surface area in contact. As will be observed, the contact between the side walls of the sash and the track is limited to a line of engagement with the relatively resilient central portion 24 of the track, and the inner edge of the arcuate section 31. The friction caused by the shoe 15 and the guide pins 14 riding in the groove 16 will, in general, be negligible. Thus, in distinction to the normally hung sash, with sash weights, cords, pulleys and also additional friction of large areas of wooden surfaces in contact in the channels, a relatively slight upward push is all that is necessary to cause the shoe holder links 56 to pivot. As soon as upward motion of the sash is stopped, the sash will tend to settle downwardly very slightly, which moves the shoe 15 and its holder 55 back against the stop ears 66, and causes the full force of bow spring 57 to be exerted through the link and push the shoe against the track. This will hold the window securely in the desired position.

When it is desired to lower the sash, it is necessary merely to push downwardly on the sash, since the only force to be overcome is the friction of the shoe 15. In general, the force exerted by the bow spring 57 may be predetermined so that the friction produced by the shoe 15 will merely hold the sash in a desired position, and will permit the sash to bc moved readily, both upwardly and downwardly. Thus, it is generally unnecessary to touch the handles 40 or 41 of the holding devices H, in moving a window sash upwardly or downwardly, the

use of the handles being necessary only in removing a `sash or portion thereof from the track T, as when tilting the lower sash to the non-draft Ventilating position of Fig. 1, or in removing either or both sashes for cleaning or similar purposes.

The parts of the holding device H may be made readily, since most of the parts may be stamped from sheet metal, including the casing 59, the shoe holder 5S and the link 56. In forming the casing 50, the screw holes S4 and handle slots 61 may be stamped out at the same time that the blank is formed, while the stop cars 66 and spring attaching prongs 67 may be stamped out in the next operation, in which flanges 53 may also be formed. The blank may then be bent to shape, to forrn the sides 52. The bow spring S7 and tension spring 60 may, of course, be purchased from a supplier who specializes in the manufacture of springs. The link 56 may be stamped in one operation, which may include the formation of the hole for handle stop pin 63 and cars or pins 71, by which the link 56 is pivotally attached to the shoe holder 55, while the stop pin 63 may then be pressed into the hole therefor. The handle 4) may be formed from round stock, such as brass, being first bent to shape and the slot 61 and grooves 6d sawed or milled before or after bending. In the case of handle 41 of Fig. 2, the handle may be cut to length, the slot 62 and grooves 64 then cut, as by sawing and/or milling, and the slot in the opposite end also cut.

In forming the shoe holder 55, a blank such as shown in Fig. 13 may be first stamped, holes 72, which later form a bearing for the cars '71 of link 56, as well as holes 73, formed at the base of the pointed ends 74, may simultaneously be formed. The side anges 75, as in Fig. 12, containing holes 72, may then be bent around to a position slightly divergent, so that the lianges may later be pushed together to assemble link 56 and shoe holder 55, with the link ears 71 in holes 72. Also, ear 68 may be punched toward one side, so as to provide a point of attachment for thc end of tension spring 60, while central triangular points 76 may be punched to the opposite side. At the same time, or in prior or subsequent operations, the end points 77 may be bent to a position perpendicular to the position of ends 74, which are then bent toward each other, along lines passing through weakening holes 73, such as to the position shown in Fig. l2. The shoe 1S, which has been previously cut to length, as from long stock formed by extrustion of the plastic of which the shoe is made, may be placed with the tat side against the shoe holder, being driven onto central points 76, while the ends 74 may be compressed toward each other, so as to drive points 77 into the ends of the shoe, as in Fig. l0. The end points 77 and central points 76 attach the shoe irmly to the shoe holder S5, although other ways of attaching the shoe to the holder, as by cementing, will be evident to those skilled in the art. The mortise in the side of the sash, in which the holder H fits, may be formed by a circular router, since the arcuate ends of the mortise are not visible when the sash is in place, and may form merely a space at each end of the casing S0, which also provides access to the holes 54, through which screws may be threaded into the wood of the sash for attachment purposes.

As indicated previously, a holding device constructed in accordance with U. S. Patent No. 2,521,292, may bc utilized, or any other suitable holding device, adapted to maintain the sash in a desired position while permitting upward or downward movement to a desired position.

In the additional alternative side frame element of Figs. l4-l6, the jamb 10" is provided with a longitudinal groove 47 for pin 14 of the lower sash and also a similar groove 80 for pin 19 of the upper sash, a non-metallic strip such as wood, being resiliently backed by a series of leaf springs 81, for movement inwardly and errata-eas the dotted position of;A Fig.` 114. The strip` 45` operates similarly to the` stripv 45Y o'fPig. 6, being attached. for

relative movementtojamb,10"by'a series of screws 48,

each of' vwhich extends through a countersunk hole 49 in strip 45"and also into jamb 10". Strip 45'is pressed outwardly by .one or more leaf springs 81; each of which may be.4 "attached to strip 4S" by a staple 8,2. `Springs 81' are A'preferably less in number than the-total number of screws l48 such as a spring at each end of the strip only, or one springY at the center ofthe strip, the bow of the spring preferably abutting against the strip 45. The outer edges. of the strip 4S mayalso be beveled, as shown, and therespective. corners of the sash side bars 2'2" and' 23" provided with correspondingly shaped grooves 462 for guiding andl sealing purposes. The groove 44"'ii`1 jamb lfLmay also be undercut at one side,I as. along longitudinal" groove 83, which receives the angular lower edge of a longitudinallyVv extending weatherstrip 84, formed of thin, resilient metal. Weatherstrip 84 extendsbetweenstrip 45.! and one` side` of groove 44', to seal the strip 4S` and prevent ow of air therebeneath. Asi willA be evident', the jamb on one side of the. windowzis, complementary, tofthe jamb ou the opposite side.` ofi the; window,v and the, springsytl't; pressy strips 45 againstA the-sashes cuteachside,4 but permit a sash` to be removed hy` pressure. againstone. side, which moves-I the strip 45 on thatside inwardly. lt; will be evident, of course,L that; coil springs, or other types: of springsimay be substituted for leaf springs 81.

In the additional alternative side frame element of Fig. 17, a jamb face strip 85 and sash bearing strip 86 of generally inverted U-shape may be made of metal, such as aluminum, while a cushion strip 87 may be made of resilient material, such as foam rubber. The jamb face strip 85 may be extruded, while the bearing strip 86 may be formed by rolling, preferably being made of spring aluminum or other suitable metal. The jamb face strip 85 may be attached to the wooden jamb (not shown) of the window frame by screws in countersunk holes of an outer ange 88 thereof overlapping the inner corner of a wooden jamb and the opposite edge extending into a slot in the blind stop (see blind stop 18 of Fig. 6). The jamb face strip 85 may be provided with longitudinally extending, inverted arcuate sections 89, providing grooves for the pins and holding devices of the sashes, and also provided, on opposite sides of a central land 90, with inwardly extending, open top boxes 91 which form longitudinal recesses. A lip 92, extending toward the land 90, is preferably provided at the outer edge of each box 91, to provide stops for lianges 93 of bearing strip 86, extending laterally from the lower edges, it being noted that strip 86 is generally U-shaped in section. Strip 86 may be placed in position by pressing the sides toward each other, so that flanges 93 will clear lips 92, the former springing out to the full position beneath lips 92 when the pressure is removed. Or, the strip 86 may be slid into position from the end, prior to mounting strip 85 in the window. Foam rubber strip 87 may merely lie between land 90 and strip 86, or may be cemented to either. The wooden window jamb may be provided with longitudinal grooves to accommodate sections 89 and boxes 91, or the jamb strip 85 may be mounted on an unfinished wood piece, such as a 2 x 4, provided with iiller strips to provide a solid backing beneath land 90 and at each side of grooves 89, Or, the strip 85 may be used alone as the jamb, particularly when installed in a brick or similar wall, with a wooden blind stop or a metal trim strip provided with a groove to receive the outer edge of strip 85. As will be evident, the foam rubber cushion 87 presses a strip 86 out against the sashes, but permits removal of a sash, in a manner similar to that previously described, by lateral compression pressure, such as to move'the strip 86 to the dotted position of Fig. 18. The corners of the side bars of thel window saslr arepreferably grooved to fit against thecorners of strip 86, as describedf previously in connection with Figs., 6 and lll'.

From the; foregoing, yitwirll be evident thatthis invention fulfills to a markedl degree therequirements and objects hereinbefore set forth. As indicated previously, thetraclt" T, in`v combination with a holding device and the guide pinsradrquately` guides each sashV for upward and.v downward'movement. Also, the resilient engagement ofthe track with the sash, i. e. when the` track strip or strips are made of metal, as"in Figs. 3 5, or when Vthetrack includes a wood strip mounted on a non-metallic resilient strip, sucli ats-foam rubber, as in Figs. 6 and 7; or whenthe track includes a wood strip pressed outwardly by springs, asin Figs;I 11i-16,l or when the track includes a metal strip pressed outwardly by a nonmetallic resilient strip, such as foam rubber, asin Figs. i7 and 18; insures that an adequate seal along the sides of each sashwill be obtained; The frictionV of` the'shoe orshoes, either in a groove. of the track; or against the jamb, as in the case` of theY upper'sash inthe construction illustrated in Fig. 6`, maintains each sash in any-desired position,v` thus eliminating. theI necessityV for sash weights andthe like, but at the same time, permits thev sashes'to be moved upwardly and downwardly with relatively little effort; The retractionV of the shoes of the holding devices permits either or both sashes to be removed readily `from `the window frame, such removal being facilitated by the resiliencyl of the track.

Although alternative constructions of the track have been illustrated and described, it will be understood that other constructions may exist, Thus, embodiments of this invention other than those described and illustrated may exist, and other variations may be made, all without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention.

What is claimed is:

1. In a window construction, an upper and a lower sash; a frame having sides between which said sashes are movable; a longitudinal strip having corners and mounted on each frame side; resilient means for urging said strips outwardly from said frame sides toward said sashes; means for mounting said strips on said frame sides ,and permitting movement of the respective strip between positions of compression and substantially noncompression of said resilient means; and each said sash having a groove along each edge adjacent each strip, said grooves receiving the corners of said strips.

2. In a window construction, an upper and a lower sash; a frame having sides between which said sashes are movable, each frame side having a groove extending longitudinally thereof; a longitudinal strip at least partially in each said groove; resilient means for urging said strips outwardly from said grooves; means for attaching said strips to said frame sides and permitting movement of the respective strip between positions of compression and substantially non-compression of said resilient means; and each said sash having a groove along each edge adjacent each strip, said grooves receiving the corners of said strips.

3. In a window construction, an upper and a lower sash; a frame having sidesV between which said sashes are movable, each frame side including a longitudinally extending, metallic strip having a pair of grooves extending longitudinally thereof in laterally spaced relation, and an inverted box-like groove extending longitudinally at each side ofa centrally disposed, at land, each said box-like groove having a lip extending toward said central land from the opposite side thereof; a at strip of resilient, non-metallic material on each said land; an inverted U-shaped strip of metallic material resting on said resilient strip and having laterally extending tlanges received in said box-like grooves beneath said lips, for movement between positions of compression and substantially non-compression of said resilient strip; and each said sash having a groove along each edge adjacent each inverted U-shaped strip, said grooves receiving the corners of said strips.

4. In a window construction including a frame having sides between which a sash is movable, a track for said sash and extending along at least one of said frame sides, said frame side having a longitudinal groove to receive said track and said track including means Adefining a 1ongitudinally extending, vcentral land and a longitudinal recess at each side of said land, with a lip extending inwardly from the edge of each recess opposite said land; a metallic strip extending longitudinally and having a generally inverted U-shape with corners at the base thereof and an outwardly extending ange at each side and spaced from said corners, said flanges being received in said recesses and engaging said lips to limit movement of said strip away from said land; and resilient means for urging said strip away from said land.

5. In a window construction as dened in claim 4, wherein said sash is provided with a groove along one edge engaging at least one corner of said strip.

6. in a window construction including a frame having sides between which a sash is movable, a track for said sash and extending along at least one of said frame sides, said track including a longitudinal strip mounted on said frame side and providing at least one corner; resilient means for urging said strip toward said sash; means mounting said strip on said frame side for limiting movement of said strip by said resilient means; and said sash having a groove along one edge receiving the corner of said strip.

7. In a window construction as dened in claim 6, wherein said longitudinal strip is non-resilient; said frame side is provided with a longitudinal groove; and said resilient means is disposed in said groove.

8. In a window construction as dened in claim 7, wherein said resilient means comprises at least one spring.

9. In a window construction as deiined in claim 8, wherein said spring comprises a bow spring having its ends engaging the bottom of said groove and its center attached to said strip.

i0. ln a window construction as defined in claim 7, wherein said resilient means comprises a non-metallic resilient strip in said groove.

11. In a window construction as defined in claim 7, wherein said means mounting said strip on said side frame includes a. series of screws having heads and extending through said strip at spaced positions therealong, said strip having holes therethrough for said screws and said holes being countersunk to accommodate the headsy of said screws.

References Cited inthe file of this patent UNlITED STATES PATENTS 392,924 Klein et al Nov. 13, 1888 1,171,367 Taylor Feb. 8, 1916 2,440,026 Smith Apr. 20, 1948 2,521,292 Hayman Sept. 5, 1950 2,595,419 Smith May 6, 1952 2,688,165 Kinish Sept. 7, 1954 

